Let us continue to enlighten and to analyze our document. Where Konrad Trockenbrot's estate was located? How large was it? When did he or his ancestors have come into Vogtland?
Here we can be led by the latin original of the document, because I believe that Ludwig has translated it not always completely opportune. The latin text “bona sita in Olsnitzt in vico, qui ducit in villam, que dicitur Rachsowe” is translated with “estates into Ölsnitz, which are located in the settlement leading to the village Raschau”. How can a settlement lead to a village? In Langenscheidt's Latin Pocket Dictionary are offered for the word “vicus” the following translations:
1.a) village; b) farmstead, farm; 2.a) borough; b) road, lane
One translates thus better “estates in Ölsnitz, which are located at the road leading to the village Raschau”. Raschau was located however at that time about 2 - 3 km northwest from Ölsnitz on the White Elster river, today it belongs to the municipal area. We must probably look for Konrad Trockenbrot's property thus in the northwest of the municipal area of Ölsnitz on the White Elster river.
Misleadingly is also to translate the word “homines” with vassals. Because 'vassal' is a term, which points on a genuine fief. Here it concerns however clearly an interest property. Better one uses the word 'farmers' for 'vassals”. In order to experience some more over Konrad and his property, we must deal with the general circumstances of the colonization in the Vogtland.
If one regards the establishment document of the church St. Johannis to Plauen of 1122 already above addressed , then one sees almost exclusively slavonic brook and place names used for the description of the church district. German settlements might not have existed at this time yet. German nationhood was limited to the German knightly men in the entourage of the feudal lords of the country. It were the 'Burgmannen -knigthly men, which have to defend the castle-' of the military center of the district, of the old fortified castle Plauen. Some of this 'Burgmannen -knigthly men, which have to defend the castle-', as it is to be proven in the Egerland or other colonization areas by documents, will have begun to build up outworks (= fortified farms/manors) in the old settling area of the sorbs, in the open land between Plauen and Ölsnitz. The actual national development and thus the influx of the Germans began only in the center 12. Century and carried out itself in 3 stages.
First one settled German farmers in already existing villages, thus slavonic villages. Afterwards one created small German villages, where there was still place in the old settlement land. Only in the third stage one started with generous uprootings of far forest areas. Until approximately 1220 the East German colonization was essentially finished in the Vogtland.
Konrad had got his property in Ölsnitz, an originally slavonic place, his ancestors might thus have come into the country with the first settler wave. With careful calculation the family of Konrad may be resident already in 3rd or 4th generation in Ölsnitz. How many acres the farmstead of Konrad Trockenbrot could have had?
|
|
Perhaps here the description of the interest can help us. Two Marks of silver correspond to 40 shilling or 480 silver pennies. Under the condition the three estates addressed in the document are about equal, come on one estate 13 shilling and 4 pennies at interest. If you compare this indication with other interest payments of that time, then you can suggest approximately the size. Thus you can find in the book of documents of the high monastry Naumburg (1925) , no. 391, p.350, in the income listing of the provost's parish of the collgiate church of Zeitz from 1196 that the 15 hooves of the village Göthewitz pay 77 shilling and 6 pennies of interest, apart from some natural interest. Here 5 shilling and 2-3 pennies is allotted to one hoof. In the village Döbris a Gerhard pays interest, apart from 2 bunch of yarn and 2 chickens, 8 shilling for his hoof; an Alart pays interest 6 shilling and 5 pennies for his hoof, the natural interest is like that as from Gerhard.
We can assume, apart from some natural interest, the interest for hooves in the Mark of Zeitz, to which the Vogtland belongs, so between 6 and 8 shilling.
If we consider that settlers were gotten on particularly favorable conditions in the country, we can conclude with good reason that Konrad possessed an interest property/leasehold/fief of 2 hooves. Here hoof shall be understood only as a statement of size, an organization of the farmland in hooves can here in the Vogtland not be proven. If one takes the hoof size to 30 fields = 16.6 hectares = 41,5 acres, as you can find it mostly in the Central German colonization area, then the property of Konrad Trockenbrot has a size between 30 hectares and 35 hectares, means between 75 acres and 82,5 acres. Like Leipoldt has demonstrated (Die Geschichte der ostdeutschen Kolonisation im Vogtland von Dr. Johannes Leipoldt, Plauen 1927 -The History of the East German Colonization in the Vogtland from Dr. Johannes Leipoldt, Plauen 1927-), this is however a size for so-called 'whole farmsteads', frequently occurring in the Vogtland. From the indication of interest 'two Marks of silver' you can conclude still a fact.
It concerns here probably a so-called fixed tithe, a tithe, which was payed independently of the yield of the farmstead. Such a tithe was typically for the early colonists. One granted them the privilege of a relatively low fixed tithe after some free years. From all other duties and services they were released. In this economic privilege also the lawful liberty of the colonists is expressed. So the Frankish settlers of Taubenheim, Sora, Ullendorf and Hasela (Mark of Meissen) had the right to deliver their litigations before their own, corporate court independent from the landlord.
Our Konrad Trockenbrot was therefore a free farmer on a 'whole farmstead' with 75 to 82,5 acres in Oelsnitz. You must look for it today in the northwest of the city on the White Elster river. Konrad was thus quite no poor man. If one assumes humans were born at that time into their social class and they did not leave it lifelong, then also Konrad's father and grandfather will have been farmers. Perhaps the ancestor was forced by the material distribution of an estate in the Main-Frankish area to leave the homeland. How it is possible that he has a surname that charaterized a meagerly living person, which eats only dry bread? If you are interested in this question, then you follow the link Truckenbrodt
Surname Interpretation in the main menue. There I will try to answer that question.
|